Research has found that poor air quality in London leads to more than 4,000 premature deaths per year. In a bid to tackle the capital’s poor air quality, the Ultra Low Emission Zone was introduced on 8 April 2019. Since coming into effect, there has been a noticeable decline in the number of highly polluting vehicles on the roads, accompanied by a substantial reduction in nitrogen dioxide levels. This makes understanding ULEZ and its impact on the car buying process crucial for those looking to drive within the capital.

In this article, we’ll discuss London’s ULEZ and explain what vehicles are impacted by this scheme.

ULEZ: Key things you need to know

  • As of 29 August 2023, London’s Ultra Low Emissions Zone covers all London boroughs.
  • Vehicles that are non-compliant or not exempt from the scheme will be subject to a daily charge of £12.50 to drive within the zone.
  • The ULEZ scrappage scheme has been introduced to support individuals in scrapping their non-compliant vehicles for more sustainable means of transport.

What does ULEZ mean and why was it introduced?

ULEZ stands for Ultra Low Emissions Zone. It’s an area of London where cars, vans and motorcycles driving within it must be ULEZ compliant (meet the minimum emissions standards) or pay a daily charge of £12.50. ULEZ is in operation 24/7, with the exception of Christmas Day (25th December).

The initiative was planned back in 2015 by the then-Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, as a means to improve air quality in the city. Its goal is to reduce the number of older, high-polluting vehicles in London.

ULEZ was introduced in 2019, initially only covering the same area as the Congestion Charge. However, it later expanded to encompass the area within the North Circular and South Circular roads. On 29 August 2023, it expanded further to include all London boroughs.

What vehicles are ULEZ compliant?

To be able to drive around London’s Ultra Low Emissions Zone without incurring a daily charge, your vehicle must either be compliant or exempt from the scheme.

What does ULEZ compliant mean?

ULEZ compliance refers to a vehicle’s ability to meet the emissions standards necessary for driving within London’s ULEZ without incurring the daily charge.

The specific criteria to be considered ULEZ-exempt vary changes depending on the type of vehicle. You can use the Transport for London (TfL) vehicle checker to see if your vehicle is exempt from ULEZ.

ULEZ-compliant petrol vehicles

To be considered ULEZ-compliant, a petrol vehicle must adhere to Euro 4 standards. Generally, this includes most petrol vehicles registered with the DVLA after January 2006.

ULEZ-compliant diesel vehicles

For diesel vehicles to be deemed as ULEZ-exempt, they must comply with Euro 6 standards. In general, this covers most vehicles registered with the DVLA after September 2015.

ULEZ-compliant hybrid vehicles

Hybrid vehicles are not automatically exempt from paying the ULEZ charge. They are regulated in the same way as petrol and diesel vehicles. Therefore, petrol hybrid vehicles must meet at least Euro 4 standards, while diesel hybrid vehicles must meet at least Euro 6 standards. It is worth noting that the vast majority of hybrid vehicles meet these standards.

ULEZ-compliant motorcycles

For a motorcycle, moped, motorised tricycle or quadricycle (L category) to be deemed as ULEZ-compliant it must adhere to Euro 3 standards.

Other vehicles exempt from ULEZ

In addition to ULEZ-compliant vehicles, the following types of vehicles are exempt from ULEZ charges:

  • Fully electric vehicles;
  • Vehicles which have a historic tax class;
  • Lorries, vans and specialist heavy vehicles (all over 3.5 tonnes Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW)); and
  • Buses, minibuses and coaches (all over 5 tonnes GVW).

The ULEZ charge

If your vehicle is not ULEZ-compliant, and you aren’t eligible for an exemption or discount, you’ll be required to pay the ULEZ charge each day you drive within the zone.

How much is the ULEZ charge?

The ULEZ daily charge is £12.50.

This must be paid by the drivers of cars, motorbikes, vans, specialist vehicles (up to and including 3.5 tonnes), and minibuses (up to and including 5 tonnes) that do not meet the minimum emissions standards.

How to pay the ULEZ charge

There are a variety of ways in which you can pay the ULEZ charge:

Auto Pay

You can register to automatically pay any of the charges you owe by setting up Auto Pay.

Online

You can pay the ULEZ charge online through Transport for London’s official payment portal.

TfL ‘Pay to Drive in London’ app

The ‘Pay to Drive in London’ app is free to download from the Apple App Store and Google Play Store. It provides you with an official way to pay the ULEZ and LEZ charges as well as the Congestion Charge.

With this app, you can also do the following:

  • Set up Auto Pay;
  • Pay a penalty charge notice; and
  • Check what postcodes are included in the various charging zones.

London Road User Charging account

By setting up a London Road User Charging account you can set up Auto Pay for up to five vehicles to pay the charges automatically, make faster payments, and grant up to five people access to your account.

 

Fines for ULEZ

TfL has introduced Automatic Number Plate Recognition cameras throughout the ULEZ. These cameras detect when vehicles enter and exit the zone and can identify which vehicles are required to pay the charge.

Within three days of driving with the zone, you will be required to pay the charge if you are not exempt, your vehicle doesn’t meet the emissions standards, or if you haven’t registered for a 100% discount.

Failure to make this payment may result in a Penalty Charge Notice (PCN) of £180. There are 28 days to make this payment, however, if it is paid within 14 days then it will be lowered to £90. Alternatively, if you fail to make the payment within the timeframe it will increase to £270 and follow the stages of the enforcement process.

Please note that you may also receive a PCN if:

  • You paid the ULEZ charge for an incorrect number plate; or
  • You paid the ULEZ charge for an incorrect day of travel; or
  • You paid by post less than 10 days before your date of travel.

 

ULEZ charge discounts and exemptions

In addition to vehicles which meet the emissions standards, the following drivers and vehicles qualify for at least a temporary 100% discount from the ULEZ charge:

  • Lorries, vans and specialist heavy vehicles (all over 3.5 tonnes Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW)).
  • Buses, minibuses and coaches (all over 5 tonnes GVW).
  • Disabled individuals whose vehicles have been registered with the DVLA as having either ‘disabled’ or ‘disabled passenger vehicle tax class. This exemption period will last until 24 October 2027 (providing that their vehicle doesn’t change tax class).
  • Wheelchair-accessible vehicles that don’t meet ULEZ emissions standards and that have been converted by mobility experts to allow a disabled person to access the vehicle as a driver or passenger. Successful applicants will not need to pay the ULEZ charge for their vehicle until 25 October 2027.
  • Individuals receiving certain disability benefits may be able to apply for a grace period. Successful applicants will not need to pay the ULEZ charge for their vehicle until 25 October 2027.
  • NHS patients who have been clinically assessed as too ill to travel to an appointment on public transport may be able to claim back any ULZ charge.
  • London-licensed taxis.
  • Certain not-for-profit organisations that operate minibuses used for community transport can register for a temporary 100% discount of the ULEZ charge until 26 October 2025.
  • Historic cars that were either built before 1 January 1973, or over 40 years old and registered with the DVLA as a historic vehicle tax class. If your class car is registered outside the UK and it is exempt, you will need to register it.
  • Showman’s vehicles.
  • Specialist agricultural vehicles.
  • Military vehicles.
  • Non-road going vehicles.
  • Certain types of mobile cranes

Please note that you may have to register or apply to receive the grace period or exemption. Check Transport for London’s discount and exempt guidance for further information.

The ULEZ charge and the Congestion Charge

The ULEZ charge and the Congestion Charge are two different payments:

  • The ULEZ charge is a £12.50 daily fee that must be paid by those driving in any of the London boroughs who aren’t exempt or whose vehicles do not meet the emissions standards.
  • The Congestion Charge is a £15 daily charge that must be paid if you drive within the Congestion Charge zone. This charge applies between 07:00 – 18:00 Monday to Friday and 12:00 – 18:00 on Saturdays, Sundays and bank holidays.

As they are two separate payments, if your vehicle is not ULEZ compliant you will also need to pay the Congestion Charge if you drive within that zone. Whereas, if your vehicle is ULEZ compliant or you are exempt, you will only need to pay the Congestion Charge if you drive in that zone.

The ULEZ scrappage scheme

The ULEZ scrappage scheme is a £160 million initiative that offers financial assistance to London residents to help them scrap non-ULEZ compliant vehicles, in favour of cleaner, more sustainable modes of transport.

ULEZ car and motorcycle scrappage scheme

As part of the scrappage scheme, London residents can apply for the following:

  • A grant of up to £2,000 for scrapping a non-compliant car; or
  • A grant of up to £1,000 for scrapping a non-compliant motorcycle; or
  • A grant of up to £10,000 for scrapping a non-compliant wheelchair-accessible vehicle; or
  • £6,000 to retrofit a wheelchair-accessible vehicle to meet ULEZ standards.

ULEZ van and minibus scrappage scheme

Eligible sole traders, small businesses, micro-businesses and charities are able to apply for a grant to assist them in either scrapping or retrofitting non-compliant minibuses or vans.

As part of the van scrappage scheme, eligible organisations and individuals with a van have the option to apply for one of the following:

  • A grant of up to £7,000 to support them in purchasing a ULEZ-compliant van; or
  • A grant of up to £9,500 to scrap the van and replace it with an electric van; or
  • £6,000 to retrofit the van to meet emission standards.

As part of the minibus scrappage scheme, eligible organisations and individuals with a minibus have the option to apply for one of the following:

  • A grant of up to £9,000 to support them in purchasing a ULEZ-compliant minibus; or
  • A grant of up to £11,500 to scrap the van and replace it with an electric minibus; or
  •  £6,000 to retrofit the minibus to meet emission standards.

Frequently Asked Questions